Should Marijuana Be Legal - 1230 Words

Keith Macalino 12/1/14 ENC 1102 Stringer Cannabis Can The marijuana movement is more prevalent now than ever. Just recently, two other states have joined Colorado and Washington in the legalization of the recreational use of marijuana. On the other hand, the state of Florida did not pass the bill to approve medical marijuana. Although more and more states have begun to see the benefits in legalizing marijuana, many states maintain the view that smoking marijuana is criminal despite the many advantages it poses. Marijuana offers medical and industrial benefits that the United States government should take advantage of. Marijuana comes from the plant Cannabis. Cannabis is a type of flowering plant and is categorized by three different species: Cannabis Sativa, Cannabis Indica and Cannabis Ruderalis. Cannabis Sativa and Indica produce most of the dried leaves that we known as Marijuana. Cannabis Ruderalis also has Tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive element in marijuana (also known as THC), but is much lower in concent ration so it is rarely ever used recreationally. Cannabis has been used for hemp, seeds and oil among its medical and recreational uses. Hemp is used for many practical functions and is found in many everyday products. Some uses of hemp include paper, paint, oil, food, rope, and is also used in textiles for clothing. The remarkable thing about hemp is its unmatched growth cycle. The uses for hemp are numerous but its 120-day growth cycle makes it one ofShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legal?1609 Words   |  7 PagesMs. Fingarson English 11 March 9th, 2017 Junior Research Paper: Marijuana Should Be Legal. According to world recognized American Scientist Carl Sagan â€Å"the illegality of cannabis is outrageous, an impediment to full utilization of a drug which helps produce the serenity and insights , sensitivity and fellowship so desperately needed in this increasingly mad and dangerous world†. These are just some of the benefits of Marijuana along with many others. All you have been taught about cannabis inRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1060 Words   |  5 PagesMedical Marijuana Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United Sstates (Wagner).. Marijuana is commonly used becauseThis it is because marijuana is easy to get and doesn’t have the visibly dangerous effects that other drugs like cocaine and heroine have. However,But does that mean marijuana is harmless to the human body? There are some people and studies that believe it is harmlessso. Sanjay Gupta, MD, Chief Medical Correspondent for CNN, wrote the following: â€Å"Frequent marijuana useRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?986 Words   |  4 Pages smoking pot in California, is legal. On Tuesday, November 8, 2016, California became the fifth state to legalize the recreational use of pot. By a margin of about 56% to 44%, voters passed Proposition 64. With its passing, California is now among states like Colorado, Washington, Oregon and Alaska who have also legalized marijuana. â€Å"Marijuana could become quite the cash crop† said Richard McGowan, a professor at Boston College and expert in the field of marijuana legalization. While many peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?997 Words   |  4 Pagesof the topics; write a thesis statement and complete the introduction 1. Marijuana should be legal, because it is harmless, and it is an effective medicine for many kinds of diseases. - Marijuana should be legal due to its variety of health benefits - Marijuana is an effective medicine for many kinds of diseases - Marijuana legalization would help boost the economy Thesis Statement: Why shouldn’t marijuana be legal due to its variety of health benefits, its effectiveness for combating manyRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?864 Words   |  4 PagesCannabis, also known as marijuana among other names, is a preparation of the Cannabis plant intended for use as a psychoactive drug or medicine. Marijuana smoking remains the most prevalent form of illicit drug use in the United States and has even been legalized medicinally in twenty-four states. Four of these states, including Colorado and Washington, have legalized marijuana for recreational use. This means that it is treated like a controlled substance, like alcohol or tobacco, and anyone theRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1630 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana has been a hot topic of conversation over the last few years, as some states in America have legalized it medically and recreationally. By discussing the legal aspect of marijuana, the economic benefits, medical usage and how marij uana affects the family, we can see the positive and negative impact that marijuana has on sociology. Except for a few select states, marijuana usage, sale and distribution of marijuana is in some manner illegal. As a result, there is immense legal considerationsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1610 Words   |  7 PagesSince the very first day marijuana began dominating our country over 30 years ago, federal control of the drug has been the topic of an continuing arguments. Marijuana is a crushed up blend of dried out herbs, seeds and stems of the plant cannabis. Most people inhale it in the shape of cigarettes for pleasure and relief. Should marijuana be made legal? Advocates of the drug argue that there are multiple medical advantages and that tobacco and alcohol are far more harmful for us than the drug itselfRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal? Essay1261 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana is safer than tobacco and alcohol, more beneficial and healthier too. Marijuana, unlike tobacco and alcohol, never causes serious illnesses like cancers of the lungs, throat, and mouth, cirrhos is, dementia, or anything else. In actuality, medical marijuana is used to treat cancer cells. â€Å"The earliest use of cannabis as a medicine is attributed to the legendary Chinese Emperor Shen Nung, who is thought to have lived around 2700 BC.. Cannabis sativa is thought to have been grown for at leastRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal? Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesShould Marijuana Be Legal? In order to start a discussion about whether marijuana should be legal, we must first begin with the history of marijuana. How long has marijuana been around? The earliest recorded use of marijuana is from the island of Taiwan off the coast of mainland china over 10,000 years ago in the Stone Age (Marijuana, 2014). They wove their clothes and made their shoes from hemp. The first paper was made from a combination of crushed hemp fibers and mulberry tree bark. ThisRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1269 Words   |  6 Pagesspecific effects of marijuana on pregnancy women because women who use marijuana also tend to smoke cigarettes and are more likely to use other drugs such as cocaine and alcohol. Thus, it is difficult to identify the precise effects of marijuana on pregnant women and fetus (Leemaqz, 2016.). Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United State (Murray McKinney, 2014). According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 40- 60% of marijuana users continue to use Should Marijuana Be Legal - 1230 Words Medical marijuana is legal in more than half of the states, but is still not legal at the federal level. Marijuana is classified as a Schedule 1 substance under the Federal Controlled Substances Act of 1970 (Ingraham, 2016). This means that marijuana could potentially be abused and that it has no recognized medical purpose. Possession of marijuana is a federal crime subjecting one to fines or even prison time. However, states have still managed to legalize this drug both recreationally and medically, so there is a clear conflict between federal laws which criminalize marijuana related activities while states protect marijuana possession and use. Despite the federal law, individuals using medical marijuana are unlikely to face issues from†¦show more content†¦Her seizures first started at just three months old and she was hospitalized repeatedly, but the doctors could not diagnose her. Her seizures began to worsen as she started to get older, and she was prescribed seven medi cations that would work for short periods of time until the seizures started coming back. Eventually, at the age of two, Charlotte was diagnosed with Dravet syndrome. Dravet syndrome is a type of epilepsy where the seizures can not be controlled by medicine. Charlotte was having 300 grand mal seizures a week and had lost the ability to talk, walk and eat (Young, 2013). After many failed attempts of new medications, the Figi’s decided to try medical marijuana when she was five years old. First they had to find two doctors to sign off on a medical marijuana card, and then find a dispensary which offered a small dosage of R4 (a type of marijuana) which was low in THC and high in CBD. Charlotte took her first dose of this drug and the seizures stopped for seven days. Medical marijuana was the only drug that reduced Charlotte’s seizures. Today she gets a dose of the CBD twice a day in her food, and the results have been incredible. Her seizures have been reduced from 300 grand mal seizures a week to about two a month (Young, 2013). She is walking and talking more everyday. The marijuana strain that Charlotte and now many other patients use to help with their symptoms of the disease has been named after her. Just when CharlottesShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legal?1609 Words   |  7 PagesMs. Fingarson English 11 March 9th, 2017 Junior Research Paper: Marijuana Should Be Legal. According to world recognized American Scientist Carl Sagan â€Å"the illegality of cannabis is outrageous, an impediment to full utilization of a drug which helps produce the serenity and insights , sensitivity and fellowship so desperately needed in this increasingly mad and dangerous world†. These are just some of the benefits of Marijuana along with many others. All you have been taught about cannabis inRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1060 Words   |  5 PagesMedical Marijuana Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United Sstates (Wagner).. Marijuana is commonly used becauseThis it is because marijuana is easy to get and doesn’t have the visibly dangerous effects that other drugs like cocaine and heroine have. However,But does that mean marijuana is harmless to the human body? There are some people and studies that believe it is harmlessso. Sanjay Gupta, MD, Chief Medical Correspondent for CNN, wrote the following: â€Å"Frequent marijuana useRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?986 Words   |  4 Pages smoking pot in California, is legal. On Tuesday, November 8, 2016, California became the fifth state to legalize the recreational use of pot. By a margin of about 56% to 44%, voters passed Proposition 64. With its passing, California is now among states like Colorado, Washington, Oregon and Alaska who have also legalized marijuana. â€Å"Marijuana could become quite the cash crop† said Richard McGowan, a professor at Boston College and expert in the field of marijuana legalization. While many peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1230 Words   |  5 PagesCannabis Can The marijuana movement is more prevalent now than ever. Just recently, two other states have joined Colorado and Washington in the legalization of the recreational use of marijuana. On the other hand, the state of Florida did not pass the bill to approve medical marijuana. Although more and more states have begun to see the benefits in legalizing marijuana, many states maintain the view that smoking marijuana is criminal despite the many advantages it poses. Marijuana offers medical andRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?997 Words   |  4 Pagesof the topics; write a thesis statement and complete the introduction 1. Marijuana should be legal, because it is harmless, and it is an effective medicine for many kinds of diseases. - Marijuana should be legal due to its variety of health benefits - Marijuana is an effective medicine for many kinds of diseases - Marijuana legalization would help boost the economy Thesis Statement: Why shouldn’t marijuana be legal due to its variety of health benefits, its effectiveness for combating manyRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?864 Words   |  4 PagesCannabis, also known as marijuana among other names, is a preparation of the Cannabis plant intended for use as a psychoactive drug or medicine. Marijuana smoking remains the most prevalent form of illicit drug use in the United States and has even been legalized medicinally in twenty-four states. Four of these states, including Colorado and Washington, have legalized marijuana for recreational use. This means that it is treated like a controlled substance, like alcohol or tobacco, and anyone theRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1630 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana has been a hot topic of conversation over the last few years, as some states in America have legalized it medically and recreationally. By discussing the legal aspect of marijuana, the economic benefits, medical usage and how marij uana affects the family, we can see the positive and negative impact that marijuana has on sociology. Except for a few select states, marijuana usage, sale and distribution of marijuana is in some manner illegal. As a result, there is immense legal considerationsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1610 Words   |  7 PagesSince the very first day marijuana began dominating our country over 30 years ago, federal control of the drug has been the topic of an continuing arguments. Marijuana is a crushed up blend of dried out herbs, seeds and stems of the plant cannabis. Most people inhale it in the shape of cigarettes for pleasure and relief. Should marijuana be made legal? Advocates of the drug argue that there are multiple medical advantages and that tobacco and alcohol are far more harmful for us than the drug itselfRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal? Essay1261 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana is safer than tobacco and alcohol, more beneficial and healthier too. Marijuana, unlike tobacco and alcohol, never causes serious illnesses like cancers of the lungs, throat, and mouth, cirrhos is, dementia, or anything else. In actuality, medical marijuana is used to treat cancer cells. â€Å"The earliest use of cannabis as a medicine is attributed to the legendary Chinese Emperor Shen Nung, who is thought to have lived around 2700 BC.. Cannabis sativa is thought to have been grown for at leastRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal? Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesShould Marijuana Be Legal? In order to start a discussion about whether marijuana should be legal, we must first begin with the history of marijuana. How long has marijuana been around? The earliest recorded use of marijuana is from the island of Taiwan off the coast of mainland china over 10,000 years ago in the Stone Age (Marijuana, 2014). They wove their clothes and made their shoes from hemp. The first paper was made from a combination of crushed hemp fibers and mulberry tree bark. This

San Isidro Elementary School Computerized Grading System...

Chapter 1 Introduction Researches in learning assessment, especially in terms of academic performance, have long criticized traditional rating schemes that provide feedback to students. Because learning is multi-faceted, most critiques of such formats tend to see these as superficial and inadequate arguing that they tend to cover only the areas in learning that are widely rated, leaving other areas in learning under-assessed. As a result, different systems were proposed and varying rating structures were employed by different schools in the country such as point system averaging and weighted averaging. This school year, the Department of Education (DepEd) will be using a new grading system in public elementary and high schools in†¦show more content†¦The framework also covers the identification of common problems encountered by the school regarding the existing systems that process their data. 1.1.3. Parts of the Conceptual Framework a. System Specifications. Includes identifying existing problems regarding the data processing and generation of the grades of the school. This produces functionality that the proposed system should provide, which describes functions the system should perform, the logic that processes the data, what data is stored and used by the system, and how user environment should work. This should result to a program that the school desires and how this program will work and be implemented. b. Data Gathering. This involves getting relevant and related data from the school that will undergo design proposal. Data gathering was assorted in tree features namely: Background Research, Existing I.T. Infrastructure, and Process Interrelationship. i. Background Research: Includes school’s profile, their current status and the common problems they encounter with their existing grading system, and its effect on the proficiency and integrity of their data. ii. Existing I.T. Infrastructure: Includes existing computer units/terminals (if any) and the hardware and software components that can be a factor in design proposal. iii. Process Interrelationship: Contains processes involve in the existing grading system and their relation to each other. c. Analyzation. Covers

Marketing Plan of Australian Football League-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Plan of Australian Football League highlighting health and wellness issues of the players. Answer: Background of Australian Football League The Australian Football League(AFL) is one of the top professional competition in football. AFL is a governing body who are responsible for controlling the laws of the game. This league consists of 18 teams that are spread over six states. The matches are played in mainland states and territories of Australia, China and New Zealand for promotion of football in other countries. Presently, AFL consists of a pre-season competition which is followed by 23 round regular seasons. The matches are played between March-September every year. AFL was established on permanent basis in Gold Coast in Queensland (afl.com.au., 2017). The Victorians Football Association (VFA) was established in 1877 and it became a major football rules competition of Australia. The inaugural session of VFA was held in 1897. In addition, VFA has also made several innovations for the fulfillment of public interests. VFA took initiative in organizing annual final tournaments rather than the establishment of modern scoring system and premiership in the team. In 1925, VFA has expanded from nine teams to twelve teams. Collingwood became the first team to win VFL competition and they has won four successive premierships. In 1952, VFL has hosted National Day and the six matches were played outside Melbourne (News.com.au, 2017). Moreover, Melbourne became the powerhouse during 1950s. The VFL premiership trophy was awarded in 1959. In 1970, the VFL match was played in VFL Park and this has helped to gain interdependence from Melbourne Cricket Club. In 1976, National Football League was the administrative body of Australian football. It has also established the NFL Night series to succeed the Australian Football Championship. In 1977-1981, VFL has left the Australian National Football Council. In 1990-2005, a national competition was played and the Australian Football League was renamed which reflected a new national perspective. In 2006, AFL established its permanent field in Gold Coast of Queensland, which is one of the most populous city. In 2008, a meeting was held by the AFL team and several discussions were held of the AFL competition. Moreover, in March 2008 AFL has won the support of the league of 16 club President to establish in Western Sydney and Gold Coast (Afl.com.au., 2017). The sub categories of Australian Football League has 10 subcategories such as AFL Rising Star winners, Brownlow Medal, Australian Football Hall of fame inductees, Colerman Medal winners, Herald Sun of the Player, Greek Team of Century, Italian team of century. Market Research The research of Australian Football League related to health and wellness of the players were carried out with the help of questionnaires. The participants and the sponsors of AFL were given to fill up a questionnaire. On the basis of research, it has been found that 4 people supported that AFL paid great attention to the health and wellness of the workers. 1 player denied the concern of the AFL towards health and safety. This player has denied because the use of social drugs like methamphetamines and cocaine were on rise and AFL did not care about the health of the players. The AFL Club Essendon were under a separate supervision to investigate Australian Sports anti-Doping authority over the administration of different kinds of supplements The sponsors of AFL also paid great attention to the health and wellness of the workers in the Australia. AFL has developed various benefits for the players such as aerobic fitness, and development of motor skills. The sponsors also played great a ttention in improving teamwork and leadership among the players. AFL community also encouraged the players to develop new friends and the players while conducting research through questionnaires stated this clearly. Moreover, the players have also stated that they were provided special mouth guard and football shoes to protect themselves from any injury and harm. SWOT analysis of AFL Strength Australian Football League is one of the top most organizations who are responsible for management and administration of football in Australia. Its main aim was to support the various levels of footballs from junior to the elite level. It is operating as a non-profit organization and this generates one of the greatest surplus costs in the developmental cost. The players are provided prevention training on injuries and they must focus on safety. Moreover, there is a provision of online injury website that provides information on the common injuries, which are suffered by majority of the players. The website also provides detailed description of the injury treatment techniques, stretches and exercises and an important section i.e. ask from expert. Moreover, fitness also constitutes an important role in the players. The players of AFL are equipped with various instruments so that they can meet the heavy demands of the pre-season training and play the final match properly. AFL also pays great attention on the nutrition of the players. The players are paid great attention so that they eat correctly before the onset of the game. Moreover, they also check that the players have sufficient energy to get through the game. Weakness The professional clubs have trainers, doctors and physiotherapists to deal with different kinds of incidents and mishaps. However, AFL does not have their own trained doctors or physiotherapist. The players are rushed to the nearest hospital and then they are taken for treatment. The players are also supported rehabilitation in the nearest hospital. It can be said that AFL does not have their own doctors or trainers. The players also do not like to talk about the mental health. They always show a sign of weakness. The players find it humiliating and shameful and thus they are not ready to share their opinions with others. AFL does not support the players in such case. They have claimed that the players are not immune and they always complain about their health problems. Mental health remains unaddressed in Australian sporting landscape. The high profile athletes have also opened up several battles with their depression and anxiety and this has been highlighted several times in the ne wspaper, televisions and media (Weston et al., 2015). Opportunity The CEO of Australian Football League has highlighted the importance of the game in the global environment. This was an important opportunity for the new AFL leaders to convey their vision to the national audience (Bradbury OBoyle, 2017). Moreover, AFL has announced a record of $2.508 billion broadcast deals with the other network channels such as Foxtel and Telstra. AFL must take the opportunity to improve the environment for the engagement of women payers. It has been found that recently AFL recruits women players on a large basis. If these players are not provided with safety and security measures, the players will not be willing to participate or join the AFL clubs. Moreover, the players must also be provided health camps and refreshment tours so that it will reduce the mental depression and tension of the players. Threat Lack of proper health and safety measures of the players are regarded as the main threat of AFL. One of the main objectives of AFL is to drive high level of participation in the community programs for the people of Australia. This is considered as a threat because if AFL do not pay attention to the health of the players, they will not be willing to join the AFL club. The competitors of AFL has the provision of providing more importance in the health and wellness of the employees. Marketing Goals and SMART Objectives SMART objectives are those objectives of an organization, which are set according to the criteria of Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time oriented (Moore, 2017). AFL helps in the recognition of community football clubs and they make contribution in the recognition of thousands of volunteers to form the cornerstone of the Australian Football unit. The SMART objectives of AFL are as follows. SMART Specific AFL must establish a national structure for the implementation and administration of the AFL programs. They must develop and implement an integrated range of program to promote enjoyment, fun, social skills and skill development for the players that must be facilitated by the umpires, managers and the trainers. Measurable It is necessary to identify the goals to focus on the direction and the energy of the players.. In identification of the short term and long term goals of the players, AFL must understand the needs of the players. AFL must also recognize health camps from time to time Achievable AFL must arrange the funds to implement such a health and wellness promoting program. A team of health professionals, counselors and motivational speakers should be hired on a full time basis. Relevant Improvement of health and wellness of the players is very much relevant to improve their life as well as performance. With the rise in injuries and agitation among the players, it is the right time to launch a wellness program Time Oriented The program will be launched in the next month. Workshops and seminars will be held every month to motivate the players Assessment workshops will be held every three months to assess the improvement of the players health and mental wellness. Target audience The target audience for this agenda of AFL would be the players of the league. From the market survey, it has been found that majority of the players thinks that the AFL must improve the health and wellnesss initiatives for the players. Hence, it can be said that, the target audience for such objectives would the players, who are directly involved in the game and will be directly benefitted from the improvement programs (Armstrong et al., 2015). All the objectives under the SMART approach has the same target audience in this agenda, as the initiatives will be designed for improving the health and wellness of the players of AFL. Message to be communicated A good message should be developed by AFL to spread their vision and purpose across the players. The message in this context can be written like the one below. AFL wants to provide the opportunity and scope for each of the players of each club to stay healthy and fit for all the time. Therefore, AFL aims to ensure that it provides the best quality health, fitness and wellness services to the players so that they can stay fit and healthy, not only physically, but mentally also. We have taken various health and wellness initiatives that would be suitable for the players of each province and make those convenient for each of them. Health and wellness of the players is the first and foremost priority of AFL and the purpose of this initiative is to improve the life of the players, which would be reflected in their performances. Communication method The communication methods within a sports organization are varied. In the era of advanced technology, the organizations use the technological methods to communicate with their members. In the present case, AFL needs to communicate their initiatives for improving the health and wellness of the players of each club to improve their health and fitness, which would be reflected in their performances (Pedersen et al., 2016). The players of each club of each of the regions are the target audience of AFL for this initiative. The organization uses various channels for internal communication. Before launching the programs, the players must be intimated about that. Hence, firstly, they can use the emails to send an intimation to all the players for such a program to be organized (Li, 2017). Secondly, AFL can utilize their website to make the announcements about their health and wellness programs. Since, the website is the most visited platform for any kind of notices, the organization can put up the notice in the website and provide details of the programs there itself. Thirdly, AFL can put up advertisements in radio, television and various social networking sites to make the target audience aware about the initiatives (Eagleman, 2013). Fourthly, they can send notices to the member clubs, which they can put up in the public places, such as, notice boards, so that the players get aware about this. Fifthly, AFL can organize presentations, workshops and seminars for the clubs in their respective regions. Sixthly, it can print leaflets, brochures and flyers and hand it over to the target audience. This method is very effective in drawing the attention of the target audience (Patti et al., 2017). Thus, through the above mentioned methods, AFL can communicate with the players about their new initiative. References Afl.com.au. (2017).Awards - AFL.com.au.afl.com.au. Retrieved 4 December 2017, from https://www.afl.com.au/stats/awards afl.com.au. (2017).The official website of the Australian Football League. afl.com.au. Retrieved 4 December 2017, from https://www.afl.com.au/ Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Bradbury, T., OBoyle, I. (2017). The continuing evolution of sport management.Understanding Sport Management: International Perspectives, 273. Eagleman, A. N. (2013). Acceptance, motivations, and usage of social media as a marketing communications tool amongst employees of sport national governing bodies.Sport Management Review,16(4), 488-497. Li, M. (2017). Research on Information Communication Channel and Monitoring of Sports Events. Moore, J. (2017). Setting SMART objectives.Headteacher Update,2017(6), 14-14. News.com.au. (2017).AFL | AFL Ladder AFL News.News.com.au. Retrieved 4 December 2017, from https://www.news.com.au/sport/afl Patti, C. H., Hartley, S. W., van Dessel, M. M., Baack, D. W. (2017). Improving integrated marketing communications practices: a comparison of objectives and results.Journal of Marketing communications,23(4), 351-370. Pedersen, P. M., Laucella, P., Kian, E., Geurin, A. (2016).Strategic Sport Communication, 2E. Human Kinetics. Weston, M., Siegler, J., Bahnert, A., McBrien, J., Lovell, R. (2015). The application of differential ratings of perceived exertion to Australian Football League matches.Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport,18(6), 704-708.